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Lithium-ion fire & failure analysis

Battery fire investigation, built on engineering evidence.

Energy Forensics Group delivers NFPA 921-compliant origin-and-cause analysis of lithium-ion failures — from e-bikes and power tools to grid-scale energy storage. Clear, thoroughly documented findings for counsel and carriers on both sides of a matter.

Thermal propagation across a lithium-ion cell array A top-down forensic diagram of packed cylindrical battery cells, with heat spreading from an origin cell outward into cooler neighboring cells. THERMAL PROPAGATION · NFPA 921 Origin cell Relative cell temperature — cool to hot
Active loss or spoliation risk? We aim to respond to new-loss inquiries within one business day.
(262) 707-8361

Start here

Which one sounds like you?

Almost everyone reaches us in one of three situations. Choose the one that fits, and we'll take you straight to what you need.

Active loss

“I have a new loss.”

A fire just happened and physical evidence is at risk. Keep clear of the damaged battery, leave it in place, and get us involved before critical evidence is lost or altered.

Preserve the evidence
Getting oriented

“I need to understand battery fires.”

Plain-English explainers for attorneys and adjusters — thermal runaway, how battery fires differ, and what drives liability across product categories.

Browse the resources
Vetting an expert

“I'm evaluating an expert.”

Review the methodology, credentials, and representative matters behind our reports — and see how a builder's perspective changes an investigation.

Review credentials

Why Energy Forensics Group

An investigator who builds these systems — not only examines them.

Most fire investigators come to batteries from the fire service. Energy Forensics Group comes to them from inside the technology: over a decade designing, building, and maintaining lithium-ion systems across North America.

That means a failure analysis grounded in how cells, packs, BMS electronics, and charging systems actually behave — why a cell vents, how thermal runaway propagates, and where design, manufacturing, or misuse truly sits in the chain of causation. The result is analysis built to the documentation standard litigation demands — starting from first principles, not pattern-matching.

Meet the investigator
Grounded in

Hands-on battery design & build

  • Cell, pack & BMS design and build experience
  • Manufacturing and field-failure exposure
  • Consumer products through grid-scale ESS
  • NFPA 921 methodology, CFEI-certified
CFEI
Certified Fire & Explosion Investigator
NFPA 921
Guide for Fire & Explosion Investigations
10+ yrs
Designing & building battery systems

Areas of expertise

The products we investigate.

Each category fails differently. We match the investigation to the technology and to the legal question in front of you.

E-bikes & e-scooters

Aftermarket packs, mismatched chargers, and cell quality in the fastest-growing source of residential battery fires.

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Power tool & consumer packs

Cordless tool batteries, chargers, and consumer electronics — abuse, defect, and thermal-runaway origin analysis.

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Energy storage systems (ESS)

Residential and grid-scale storage losses: propagation, BMS behavior, code compliance, and large-loss subrogation.

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See all areas of expertise

Representative matters

How the work takes shape.

Anonymized matters from our CFEI-led investigations — from consumer devices to industrial equipment.

Electric scooter fireConsumer mobility
Question
What let a routine charge cycle end in fire?
Method
X-ray imaging of pack remnants and BMS charging-logic analysis.
Finding
BMS logic recharged deeply discharged cells past safety lockouts, causing an internal short.
Power-tool battery firePower tools
Question
Defective pack — or something else driving the failure?
Method
CT scanning of cells and discharge-specification comparison.
Finding
An incompatible high-draw tool exceeded the cells' C-rating; CT imaging showed electrode deformation from high-current stress.
Ground support equipment fireIndustrial
Question
Was the battery at fault, or the system around it?
Method
Charging-system configuration analysis against cell chemistry.
Finding
A charger profile set to 4.35 V/cell on 4.20 V NMC chemistry drove progressive overcharge into thermal runaway.

For your next matter

Practical resources for counsel & adjusters

The evidence-preservation checklist, a battery-fire glossary for depositions, and plain-English guides on how these failures happen and who tends to be responsible.

  • Evidence-preservation checklist (printable)
  • Battery-fire terminology glossary
  • "First 72 hours after a battery loss" guide
Open the resource library

Speaking & CLE

Bring battery-fire training to your team

A CLE-style session for subrogation groups, insurance-defense firms, and claims teams: how lithium-ion fires start, what to preserve, and how to read an origin-and-cause report.

  • Tailored for attorneys or claims professionals
  • In-person or remote; 60–90 minutes
  • Course outline & objectives provided
See speaking & training

Have a battery fire to investigate?

Tell us about the loss. We'll tell you what to preserve and whether we're a fit — no obligation.

Start an inquiry